There are two primary types of computer memory: volatile and non-volatile. Volatile memory, like RAM (Random Access Memory), loses its data when the computer is turned off but provides rapid access for active tasks. Non-volatile memory, such as SSDs and HDDs, retains information even when the system is powered down, serving as long-term storage.

RAM itself comes in various forms, including DDR3, DDR4, and the latest DDR5, each offering improvements in speed, capacity, and energy efficiency. Choosing the right type of RAM is critical for balancing performance with system requirements.